Presentation
Among the hypothyroidism cases, 17 presented HT; while among the hyperthyroidism cases, five were diagnosed as presenting GD. There were 70 cases of angioedema (60.9%). [scielo.br]
A 38-year-old white female initially presented to our clinic with a 1-year history of an itchy rash all over her body, with facial swelling. [jddonline.com]
Histamine releasing antibody positive, maximum histamine release 27% ( 6 months after presentation she developed vitiligo. 5 years later, she was hypothyroid. By 3 years, the urticaria was in complete remission without medications. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] appear and fade repeatedly as the reaction runs its course.1 Patients with urticaria may also have swelling under the skin (angioedema), which results from mast cell and basophil activation deep in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues.1 This symptom may present [thermofisher.com]
Entire Body System
- Anemia
Sulfasalazine, a 5-ASA derivative, is thought to alter adenosine release and inhibit IgE mediated mast cell degranulation, Sulfasalazine is a good option for people with anemia who cannot take dapsone. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Euthyroid
Most of these patients are euthyroid, but occasionally, they are hyper- or hypothyroid.[ 33 ] Although claims have been made that correcting thyroid dysfunction, if present, also ameliorated the associated urticaria, the evidence is not convincing. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Respiratoric
- Pneumonia
A case report revealed a 12-year-old boy with a history of recurrent otitis media and pneumonia who presented with CU and intermittent facial angioedema, only partially responsive to oral desloratadine. 3 The patient was given four infusions of rituximab [jddonline.com]
Skin
- Sweating
"Pathogenesis of Cholinergic Urticaria in Relation to Sweating". Allergology International. 61 (4): 539–44. doi : 10.2332/allergolint.12-RAI-0485. PMID 23093795. ^ PhD, [edited by] Kathryn L. McCance, RN, PhD, Sue E. [en.wikipedia.org]
Workup
However, the association between thyroid disease and CU is sufficiently strong, to prompt adding measurement of the plasma level of thyroid stimulating hormone level (as a screen for thyroid dysfunction) and thyroid autoantibodies to the routine workup [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Microbiology
- Helicobacter Pylori
Relación entre infección por Helicobacter pylori y urticaria crónica [Relation between Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic urticaria]. Rev Alerg Mex. 2017;64(4):396-402. DOI: 10.29262/ram.v64i4.283 [ Links ] 67. [scielo.org.mx]
It has been reported that positive ASST also correlated strongly with patients who have multiple intolerances to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs[ 24 ] and in some cases may be related to the presence of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) IgG antibodies [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
"Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic urticaria". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 34 (4): 685–6. doi : 10.1016/S0190-9622(96)80086-7. PMID 8601663. ^ Kolkhir, P.; Balakirski, G.; Merk, HF.; Olisova, O.; Maurer, M. [en.wikipedia.org]
Treatment
Meaning Dapsone is an effective and well-tolerated second-line therapy for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria. [jamanetwork.com]
The presence of autoantibodies may be important clinically in a small group of severely affected, treatment-resistant patients, where immunomodulatory treatments may be helpful. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Immunotherapy Practice parameters have been developed to help guide the management and treatment of patients with skin allergies. [thermofisher.com]
The principal treatment is avoidance of vibratory stimulants. [en.wikipedia.org]
Omalizumab for the treatment of chronic idiopathic or spontaneous urticaria. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 924-35. [ Links ] 37. Metz M, Ohanyan T, Church MK, Maurer M. [scielo.cl]
Etiology
However, clinical-laboratory 4,5 and histopathological studies 6,7 have suggested that CU has autoimmune etiology at least in a subset of patients. [scielo.br]
Epidemiology
Epidemiology of urticaria in Spain. J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol. 2004;14(3):214-220. Schoepke N, Doumoulakis G, Maurer M. Diagnosis of urticaria. Indian J Derm. 2013;58:211-218. Duran-Tauleria E, Vignati G, Guedan MJ, et al. [thermofisher.com]
Epidemiology of urticaria: a representative cross-sectional population survey. Clin Exp Dermatol 2010; 35: 869-73. [ Links ] 5. Maurer M, Magerl M, Metz M, Zuberbier T. [scielo.cl]
Pathophysiology
Chronic urticaria: pathophysiology and etiology, or the what and why. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2006;27(2):90-5. [ Links ] 14. Raza SA, Salam Z, Blank RD, Jaume J, Drezner MK. Severe angioedema and urticaria related to thyroid antigenicity. [scielo.br]
Chronic urticaria and coagulation: pathophysiological and clinical aspects. Allergy 2014; 69: 683-91. [ Links ] 7. Sabroe RA GC, Francis DM, Barr RM, Kobza Black A, Greaves MW. [scielo.cl]
Pathophysiology : the biologic basis for disease in adults and children (Seventh ed.). Elsevier – Health Sciences Division. ISBN 9780323088541. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list ( link ) ^ "Scombroid fish poisoning. DermNet NZ". [en.wikipedia.org]
Prevention
[…] case report revealed a 51-year-old white woman with refractory autoimmune urticaria and associated abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea who received 4 weekly infusions of rituximab 375 mg/m2 and methotrexate 15-25 mg/week subcutaneously to prevent [jddonline.com]
Ketotifen is acknowledged to stabilise mast cells and prevent histamine release, and has been effective in treating this hives disorder. Avoiding exercise or foods that cause the mentioned symptoms is very important. [en.wikipedia.org]