Presentation
By contrast, four patients in our study presented with unilateral, inguinal lymphadenitis. Another two patients presented with mediastinal lymphadenitis and prolonged fever. All patients had prompt and sustained response to therapy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
There were numerous correlations between virulence and disease presentation in patients; however, this was not a consistent observation. [lowitja.org.au]
Entire Body System
- Fever
The patients demonstrated clinical improvement with decreasing abdominal pain and resolution of fever. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Sepsis
This report describes a case of melioidosis with fulminant sepsis in a 10 year old boy, from rural area, in Tejuçuoca, State of Ceará, Brazil. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
This can result in disseminated infection leading to sepsis. The patient populations most likely to be infected are diabetics, people who abuse alcohol, and immunocompromised individuals. [aacc.org]
- Pain
The patient was a 55-year-old male farmer, who was admitted in our hospital with persistent left epigastric dull pain accompanied by chills and febrile. One month before, the patient presented with persistent abdominal pain. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Wound Infection
Moreover, the surgical wound became infected with B. pseudomallei several days post-surgery. After treatment with ceftazidime and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, the wound infection cleared. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
infection resulting from a farming accident in Oklahoma, USA. [microbiologyresearch.org]
Respiratoric
- Pneumonia
Liver abscess in Taiwan is most commonly due to K. pneumoniae, but clinicians should keep in mind that this may be a presenting feature of melioidosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Gastrointestinal
- Abdominal Pain
After received anti-infection therapy, the subjective symptoms eased slightly, but recently he suffered from intermittent abdominal pain again. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
After one month of maintenance antibiotic, the patient came back with abdominal pain and diarrhea. There was guarding over the abdomen and she was in septic shock. [sjkdt.org]
- Vomiting
After a week, he came back with severe breathing difficulty, fever and vomiting. His oxygen saturation (SpO2) was 76% on room air. He was detected to have type 2 diabetes mellitus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Neurologic
- Headache
A healthy 65-year-old female who had been treated with antipsychotic medication for neurotic depression for over 2 years presented with acute-onset fever, headache, lead-pipe rigidity of all limbs, and delirium. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
On the basis of a Dutch study, 95% of patients with meningitis displayed at least 2 of the following 4 symptoms: fever, headache, neck stiffness, and altered mental status. [12] In the Darwin Prospective Melioidosis Study, headache was prominent on admission [journals.lww.com]
Symptoms include fever, joint pain, and headache. Infection can lead to pneumonia and blood infections (sepsis). Most healthy people who come into contact with Burkholderia pseudomallei never develop melioidosis. [msdh.ms.gov]
Depending on the site of infection, common symptoms include fever, headache, localised pain or swelling, ulceration, chest pain, cough, haemoptysis, and swelling of regional lymph nodes. [chp.gov.hk]
They develop respiratory distress, headaches, fever, diarrhea, pus-filled lesions on the skin, and abscesses throughout the body. Septicemia may be overwhelming, with a 90% fatality rate and death occurring within 24-48 hours. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Workup
Microbiology
- Pseudomonas
Previously called Pseudomonas mallei. Burkholderia pseudomallei the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease of rodents occasionally transmitted to all domestic animal species and humans. Formerly called Pseudomonas pseudomallei . [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
The remaining eight isolates were misidentified as Chromobacterium violaceum (four isolates), Burkholderia cepacia (two isolates), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (one isolate), and Pseudomonas fluorescens (one isolate). [doi.org]
[…] pseudomallei Whitmore, 1913 Pseudomonas pseudomallei (Whitmore, 1913) Haynes, 1957 Homonyms Burkholderia pseudomallei (Whitmore, 1913) Yabuuchi & al., 1993 Bibliographic References (2012) Bacterial Nomenclature up-to-date [gbif.org]
- Rickettsia Typhi
The company also develops tests for malaria, Dengue virus, chikungunya virus, Ebola, Lassa, Marburg, leptospirosis, Rickettsia typhi, Burkholderia pseudomallei, and Orientia tsutsugamushi. [xnewspress.com]
- Candida
His sputum sample grew Candida species on routine media. This was the only B. pseudomallei isolate that required SB enrichment. [doi.org]
Treatment
Notably, this study revealed 184 bacterial genes and ORFs that were unique to in vivo ceftazidime treatment and thus provide candidate molecular markers for treatment response. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
A high index of suspicion and diligent search helps in early diagnosis of these cases, thus helping in the initiation of appropriate treatment with a good prognosis. 1. White NJ. Melioidosis. Lancet 2003;361:1715-22. [ PUBMED ] 2. [ijpmonline.org]
[…] of B. pseudomallei in Peninsular Malaysia with strains obtained from other regions, especially other countries within Asia, and to investigate genotype diversity as a possible explanation for differences in disease presentation, treatment response, prognosis [slideheaven.com]
Prognosis: While 2036% of melioidosis cases have no evident predisposing risk factor, the vast majority of fatal cases have an identified risk factor, the most important of which are diabetes, alcoholism and chronic renal disease. 46% of cases were bacteraemic [web.archive.org]
Etiology
A new γ-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.1.1.1) was cloned and characterized kinetically in the genome of the bacterial pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent of melioidosis, an endemic disease of tropical and sub-tropical regions of the [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Résumé Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp) and Burkholderia mallei (Bm), the etiologic agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively, cause severe disease in both humans and animals. [espace.inrs.ca]
Epidemiology
However, the epidemiology of the disease in India and the surrounding South Asian countries remains far from well elucidated. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Combined field epidemiology suggests that these patients may have had travel-associated infections. [frontiersin.org]
Pathophysiology
Melioidosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005 Apr;18(2):383–416. 2. Suputtamongkol Y, Chaowagul W, Chetc-hotisakd P, Lertpatanasuwun N, Intaran-ongpai S, Ruchutrakool T, et al. [jmscr.igmpublication.org]
Melioidosis: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. Clin Microbiol Rev 2005;18:383-416. [ PUBMED ] 4. Limmathurotsakul D, Peacock SJ. Melioidosis: A clinical overview. Br Med Bull 2011;99:125-39. [ PUBMED ] 5. Gilad J, Schwartz D, Amsalem Y. [jgid.org]
Melioidosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 18 : 383 -416. ↵ Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2008. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 18th informational supplement. [doi.org]
Melioidosis: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. Clin Microbiol Rev 2005;18:383-416. 8. Li PK, Szeto CC, Piraino B, et al. Peritoneal dialysis-related infections recommendations: 2010 update. Perit Dial Int 2010;30:393-423. 9. [sjkdt.org]
Prevention
Author information 1 National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. 2 National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]