Presentation
To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of frosted branch angiitis as a presentation of endophthalmitis with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Gastrointestinal
- Nausea
Some antibiotics used to treat C. diff have potential side effects, such as abdominal pain and nausea. These symptoms may make it harder for you to eat. [healthline.com]
Diarrhea including loose, watery stools (poop) or frequent bowel movements for several days Fever Stomach tenderness or pain Loss of appetite Nausea If you have been taking antibiotics recently and have symptoms of C. diff, you should see a doctor. [cdc.gov]
The following symptoms may occur as a result of C. difficile infection: watery diarrhea frequent bowel movements fever pain or tenderness in the stomach nausea reduced appetite Inflammation of the lining of the large intestine, or colitis, causes these [medicalnewstoday.com]
The symptoms of C. diff include Diarrhea (loose, watery stools) or frequent bowel movements for several days Fever Stomach tenderness or pain Loss of appetite Nausea Severe diarrhea causes you to lose a lot of fluids. [medlineplus.gov]
Other symptoms of a serious infection include: Diarrhea more than 10 times a day Severe cramping Fever Nausea Loss of appetite/weight loss Dehydration Rapid heart rate It’s fairly common to have mild diarrhea when starting an antibiotic. [webmd.com]
- Vomiting
Toxic shock syndrome, originally described in menstruating women using tampons, occurs rapidly with high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and muscle aches. Patients often develop a skin rash and peeling skin with this syndrome. [medicinenet.com]
In one US study, C difficile infection accounted for 10% of patients presenting to the emergency department with diarrhoea and no vomiting.3 Guidance from the US published in March 2018 details important updates in diagnosis and treatment.4 How does it [bmj.com]
Manifestations of infection include abdominal pain and tenderness, fever, nausea, and vomiting. [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]
If working as a food handler in a food business, the exclusion period should be until there has been no diarrhoea and/or vomiting for 48 hours. [sahealth.sa.gov.au]
Associated symptoms are feeling poorly, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Signs of severe disease include fever and abdominal distension and/or tenderness. [gi.org]
Cardiovascular
- Hypertension
Intracranial hypertension and cerebral ischaemia after severe traumatic brain injury. Neurosurg Focus 2003;14:1-4. 2. Sarguna P, Lakshmi V. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections. Indian J Med Microbiol 2006;24:52-4. [PUBMED] [Full text] 3. [ijmm.org]
Psychiatrical
- Suggestibility
A young female presenting with a history suggestive of renal colic was found by intravenous pyelography to have Pyeloureteritis Cystica. In association with this condition she had a urinary tract infection due to a coagulase-negative staphylococcus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Workup
[…] immediate transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), when possible Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE): For all patients with catheter-related S aureus bacteremia (and no contraindications); for all patients with suspected S aureus endocarditis See Workup [emedicine.medscape.com]
Urine
- Pyuria
Urine specimens from both outpatients and inpatients of our hospital having one or more urinary symptoms, such as burning during micturition, fever, pyuria, frequency of urine, dysuria, hematuria, flank pain, suprapubic discomfort, etc., were processed [innovareacademics.in]
She had a urine catheter when she showed pyuria three times but had no fever. A microscopic examination revealed many grapevine-like Gram positive strains and neutrophils. [kjcls.org]
Pyuria and hematuria are common. For unknown reasons, S. saprophyticus urinary tract infection has a late summer and fall seasonal predilection and often follows sexual intercourse or menstruation. [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]
Microbiology
- Staphylococcus Aureus
aureus/classification* Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects* Staphylococcus aureus/enzymology Staphylococcus aureus/ultrastructure Vancomycin Resistance/genetics* Substances Bacterial Proteins Coagulase RNA, Bacterial RNA, Ribosomal, 16S [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
(BRAZIL) Staphylococcus aureus & Staphylococcus sp.coagulase negativa rRNA:Ident:Pt:Isolado:Nom:FISH es-ESSpanish (SPAIN) Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus sp.coagulasa negativa rRNA:Presencia o identidad:Punto temporal:Sangre crecimiento positivo [loinc.org]
Coagulase-negative methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Two isolates of S. aureus, one MRSA, were reported in 1972. 5 Bayston R. Coagulase-negative strains of Staphylococcus pyogenes. [journalofhospitalinfection.com]
Hjem Viden Efficacy of vaccination on Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci intramammary infection dynamics in 2 dairy herds Efficacy of vaccination on Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci intramammary infection [hipra.com]
- Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
Maltese Staphylococcus aureus (suxxettibbli għal methicillin) Staphylococci negattivi għal coagulase (suxxettibbli għal methicillin) Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenes Estonian Moraxella catarrhalis Neisseria gonorrhoeae [mymemory.translated.net]
Treatment
There was a reduction in the median number of days of treatment with oxacillin from 11.5 to 6 days (p CONCLUSIONS: Modification of the empiric treatment regimen for neonatal late-onset sepsis with use of oxacillin showed a significant reduction in S. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment If coag-negative staph is considered pathogenic, vancomycin is the preferred treatment. [pharmacyjoe.com]
Prognosis
BACKGROUND: We sought to determine the epidemiological patterns of Staphylococcus bacteraemia, with a focus on the proportion of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) as compared to Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, and the prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Curr Opin Infect Dis, 8(Suppl 1), str. 12-9 [ PM ] [ EČ ][ GS ] Roberts, F.J., Geere, I.W., Coldman, A. (1991) A three-year study of positive blood cultures, with emphasis on prognosis. [scindeks.ceon.rs]
Etiology
This study aimed to investigate etiology, timing, antibiotic susceptibility and risk factors for multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-positive coccal bacteremia after LT. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Over the last decade, however, CNS have been recognized as the etiological agents of a series of infectious processes, representing the microorganisms most commonly isolated from blood cultures (Huebner & Goldmann 1999). [scielo.br]
Conclusion: This study observed that Staphylococcus is the one of the most common etiologic agent of UTI in our hospital. [innovareacademics.in]
Journal of Hospital Infection, 43(3): 187 [ CR ] [ PM ] [ EČ ][ GS ] Lecouvet, F., Irenge, L., Vandercam, B., Nzeusseu, A., Hamels, S., Gala, J. (2004) The etiologic diagnosis of infectious discitis is improved by amplification-based DNA analysis. [scindeks.ceon.rs]
Epidemiology
BACKGROUND: We sought to determine the epidemiological patterns of Staphylococcus bacteraemia, with a focus on the proportion of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) as compared to Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, and the prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 20:167-170. Schwalbe, R.S., J.T. Stapleton, P.H. Gilligan. 1987. Emergence of vancomycin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci. New England Journal of Medicine 316:927-931. Tenover, F.C., M.V. [cdc.gov]
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 26(6): 559 [ 3 ][ GS ] Boyce, J.M. (1996) Coagulase-negative staphylococci. u: Mayhall G.C. [ur.] [scindeks.ceon.rs]
Pathophysiology
[…] rely on clinical judgment, patient features (e.g. hematologic malignancy / immunosuppression) and number / site (central venous catheter vs. venipuncture) of positive cultures (Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012;31:2639, Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:333) Pathophysiology [pathologyoutlines.com]
Types, Symptoms, and Treatments See Slideshow References Medically reviewed by Robert Cox, MD; American Board of Internal Medicine with subspecialty in Infectious Disease REFERENCE: "Clostridium difficile in adults: Epidemiology, microbiology, and pathophysiology [medicinenet.com]
Pathophysiology S aureus is a gram-positive coccus that is both catalase- and coagulase-positive. Colonies are golden and strongly hemolytic on blood agar. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Prevention
There is evidence that hand hygiene using an alcohol-based gel and wearing gloves during patient care, management of central and peripheral intravenous lines using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, and a closed medication [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
What can be done to prevent the spread of C. difficile? As with any infectious disease, frequent hand hygiene is the most effective way of preventing the transmission of healthcare associated infections. [canada.ca]
Prevention The most important measure to prevent the emergence of new strains of C. difficile in Australia is reducing the unnecessary use of antibiotics, especially those known to be closely linked to CDI. [sahealth.sa.gov.au]