Presentation
Congenital ptosis was present in 128 eyes (72 unilateral, 28 bilateral). The age at investigation was one year and older, with an average of 11 years and 10 months. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Children may also present with squint (misalignment) as a result of poor vision in one eye. In high‐income countries, most people with SDA present for treatment while they are under the age of one year (Mein 1991). [cochranelibrary.com]
Eyes
- Visual Impairment
For people with amblyopia, the lifetime risk of serious visual impairment due to loss or damage of the better‐seeing eye is estimated to be between 1.2% and 3.3% (Rahi 2002). [cochranelibrary.com]
- Visual Impairment
For people with amblyopia, the lifetime risk of serious visual impairment due to loss or damage of the better‐seeing eye is estimated to be between 1.2% and 3.3% (Rahi 2002). [cochranelibrary.com]
- Strabismus
Strabismus was found significantly more frequently in ptotic eyes with covered optical axis: 13 out of 35 vs. 4 out of 37 (p < 0.05) in unilateral ptosis and 7 out of 34 vs. 1 out of 22 (p = 0.13) in bilateral ptosis. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
STRABISMUS and REFRACTIVE ERRORS may cause this condition. [idref.fr]
NCT02236351, started in 2014, enrolled 156 children under seven years old with strabismus, anisometropia, or deprivation amblyopia. These children were randomized to pinched patch or standard patch groups. [cochranelibrary.com]
Treatment
[…] for particular treatments. [cochranelibrary.com]
Prophylactic amblyopia treatment in ptosis cases is important as long as no testing of visual acuity is possible in a child. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
Co‐existing conditions often limit the visual prognosis. It is difficult to discern whether the visual loss is due to SDA or other co‐existing conditions in the eye. [cochranelibrary.com]
Etiology
Etiology People with SDA lose vision from disuse or lack of formation of clear retinal images, most commonly as a result of one of the following: unoperated infantile cataract (opacity of the lens); ptosis (droopy eyelids) (Dray 2002; Gusek‐Schneider [cochranelibrary.com]
Epidemiology
Epidemiology The prevalence of amblyopia in the general population ranges from 1% to 5% (Brown 2000; Hillis 1983). In European children, the prevalence ranges from 1% to 2.5% (Kvarnstrom 2001; Newman 2000). [cochranelibrary.com]
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology Visual experiences in early life determine the organization of the portion of the adult brain that processes visual stimuli (Wiesel 1963). [cochranelibrary.com]
Prevention
In addition, the variation between studies in treatment delivery and outcome measurement prevents any meaningful comparison or combination of results. [cochranelibrary.com]