Presentation
TBEV infection is asymptomatic in most cases with some individuals presenting with influenza-like symptoms. In symptomatic cases, TBEV infection typically presents as meningitis, encephalitis or meningoencephalitis. [thenativeantigencompany.com]
Eastern – farEastern Russia, China and Japan For a map showing countries where Tick-borne Encephalitis is present please visit NathNac Vaccine Schedule 3 doses – Day 0, 1-3 Months Later and 5- 12 Months Later. [sussextravelclinic.com]
Here, we present a parsimonious explanation for this apparent anomaly based on analysis of the dates and regions in which these non-endemic strains were isolated, together with their phylogenetic relationships and the records of redistribution of animals [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
They are also frequently subclinical or present as a nonspecific illness. This phase is followed by a temporary remission lasting approximately 1 week. There is a second neurologic phase after the virus has spread to the central nervous system. [canada.ca]
The virus is present in the tick’s saliva, which also contains a natural anaesthetic so you may not notice you have been bitten. [gojabs.com]
Entire Body System
- Fever
Omsk haemorrhagic fever. Lancet. 2010 Dec;376(9758):2104-13. DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61120-8. [ Links ] 36. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]. Atlanta: CDC; 2013 [cited 2016 Nov 25]. Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever (OHF): Treatment. [scielo.org.co]
Read more about the yellow fever vaccine. [nhs.uk]
[…] tick-borne flavivirus, Powassan virus, is responsible of encephalitis in human. • Yellow fever, dengue fever, West Nile encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis and Powassan fever. 4. [slideshare.net]
When symptoms do develop fever and a flu-like illness is followed by 2 -10 days of no symptoms, before inflammation of the central nervous system occurs with fever, headache and signs of meningitis and/or brain inflammation. [fitfortravel.nhs.uk]
Skin
- Insect Bite
More details on insect bite prevention. Tick removal: Regularly check your body for ticks and promptly remove using tweezers by grasping the tick's head and mouth parts as much as possible and by pulling perpendicular from the skin. [iamat.org]
Treatment
Treatment No specific treatment is available for TBE. Recommendations for Travellers All travellers planning to spend long periods of time in forested/rural areas of countries with TBE should be aware of how to avoid tick bites. [fitfortravel.nhs.uk]
Treatment No specific treatment is available for TBE. Recommendations for Travellers Bite avoidance must be emphasised to all travellers e.g. tucking socks into trousers, using gaiters, insect repellents and sticking to designated pathways. [centraltravelclinic.co.uk]
Treatment There is no specific treatment for TBE and management relies on supportive care with serious disease usually requiring hospitalisation. [gojabs.com]
Professor Michael Kunze, chairman of the International Scientific Working Group (ISWG) on TBE, says the number of people across Europe who needed hospital treatment for the infection rose from 10,000 cases in 2006 to 13,000 in 2007. [telegraph.co.uk]
Prognosis
Prognosis Prognosis depends on age of the patient, but recovery is generally difficult. Mortality rates for European, far-eastern and Siberian subtypes are 1-2%, 20-40% and 2-3%, respectively. [animalabs.com]
Prognosis [ 3 ] In general, mortality is around: 1-2% for the European form. 20-40% for the Far Eastern form. 2-3% for the Siberian form. As above, the risk of long-term morbidity is high. People aged over 60 years are most at risk of death. [patient.info]
Etiology
Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]
Epidemiology
"Rate of evolution and molecular epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Europe, including two isolations from the same focus 44 years apart". J. Gen. Virol. 93 (Pt 4): 786–96. doi : 10.1099/vir.0.035766-0. [en.wikipedia.org]
Weekly epidemiological record [Internet] 2011[cited 2016 Nov 30];86(24): [241-56]. Available from: Available from: http://www.who.int/wer/2011/wer8624.pdf [ Links ] 3. Organización Mundial de la Salud [Internet]. [scielo.org.co]
EPIDEMIOLOGY • TBE is endemic in focal areas of Europe and Asia (from eastern France to northern Japan and from northern Russia to Albania). • From 1990 through 2009, an average of 8,500 cases per year (range, 5,352–12,733 cases) were reported from 19 [slideshare.net]
Epidemiology [ 2, 3 ] TBE has never been endemic in the UK. There have been a handful of cases reported, all in people who have travelled to one of the 27 European countries where it is known to be endemic. [patient.info]
Le Duc, Viral Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control, Springer, 27 settembre 2014, pp. 405–, ISBN 978-1-4899-7448-8. Dongyou Liu, Molecular Detection of Human Viral Pathogens, CRC Press, 23 novembre 2010, pp. 314–, ISBN 978-1-4398-1237-2. [it.wikipedia.org]
Prevention
Prevention Travellers who hike, camp, or undertake outdoor activities in wooded regions or city parks of endemic areas should take measures to prevent tick bites. Use a repellent containing 20%-30% DEET or 20% Picaridin. [iamat.org]
Prevent tick bites by wearing long trousers and sleeves Chemical prevention to prevent tick-bites by impregnating clothing with permethrin and using insect repellents such as DEET. The Fleet Street Clinic stocks a range of products. [fleetstreetclinic.com]
Vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent TBE; cross-subtype protection elicited by the TBE vaccines is biologically plausible since all TBE virus subtypes are closely related. [semanticscholar.org]
So, quickly removing the tick will not always prevent infection. Tick bites can be prevented by wearing protective clothing and by using repellents that contain DEET on exposed skin. [rivm.nl]
The Tick-borne Encephalitis vaccination is vital to preventing any possible infection. [expresstravelclinic.co.uk]