Presentation
Treatment Treatment for mycobacterial-associated IRIS depends on the presentation and disease severity. Most patients present with non-life threatening presentations which respond to the institution of appropriate antituberculous therapy. [aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com]
Minor cardiac anomalies and transient bradycardia and apnea may be present. Affected individuals may experience recurrent infections, which also tend to improve with age. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Skin
- Hypertrichosis
The majority of affected individuals also have hypertrichosis with rapidly growing hair and nails. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment
Otherwise, treatment is similar to TB-IRIS (see Mycobacterium tuberculosis IRIS – Treatment). [aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com]
Treatment of manifestations. Cyclic vomiting may be managed by identification and avoidance of triggers, daily maintenance medication, and early abortive treatment; G-tubes or GJ-tubes may decrease aspiration and improve nutrition. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
Somatic ASXL1 pathogenic variants are known to be associated with a worse prognosis in persons with myeloid leukemia [ Abdel-Wahab et al 2012 ]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Etiology
Other etiologies Other less common infectious etiologies, as well as noninfectious etiologies, are listed in Table 1. Because these other infectious and non-infectious etiologies are rare, no recommendations exist for their management. [aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com]
The mode of inheritance is also unclear since the molecular etiology remains elusive. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology
Atypical mycobacterial IRIS Epidemiology In addition to TB, atypical mycobacteria are also frequently reported as causative pathogens in IRIS. [aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com]
Isolated case reports suggest that individuals with BOS are at greater risk for Wilms tumor than the general population, but large-scale epidemiologic studies have not been conducted. Management. Treatment of manifestations. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prevention
Prevention of Primary Manifestations Adequate treatment of severe emesis can decrease hospitalizations, infectious exposures, and aspiration. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Results of trials addressing the optimal timing and duration of treatment of opportunistic infections will assist in developing guidelines for the prevention and management of IRIS. [aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com]