Presentation
[…] in thigh extension and knee flexion hamstring muscle group comprises three separate muscles: semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps femoris hamstring injury is defined by the anatomical site within the muscle that is affected, and injury must be present [gpnotebook.co.uk]
OF INJURY Hamstring injuries will generally present with sudden posterior thigh pain experienced during activity. [seattlemarathon.org]
Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of all rehabilitation strategies employed to promote the return to full strength, range of movement and function of those individuals presenting with all forms of hamstring injury, regardless of site, severity [cochrane.org]
The athlete presents sudden pain and activity limitation. A palpable gap can be perceived. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Heavy motion control running shoes can really be a problem if eccentric hamstring weakness is present. Lastly, until the hamstring tendons are strong and flexible, you should shorten your stride and increase your cadence while running. [podiumrunner.com]
Entire Body System
- Unable to Stand
You may be unable to stand. The back of the leg will feel tight, tender and possibly bruised. With more severe injury, swelling and a black and blue or bruised appearance will follow. [patient.info]
Musculoskeletal
- Muscle Weakness
These include muscle weakness, muscle imbalance, poor flexibility, fatigue, inadequate warm up, poor neuromuscular control, and poor running technique. [12] One of the few predisposing factors that most researchers agree upon however is previous hamstring [en.wikipedia.org]
You may also experience bruising or discoloration along the back of your leg, as well as muscle weakness or an inability to put weight on your injured leg. When to see a doctor Mild hamstring strains can be treated at home. [mayoclinic.org]
Inadequate warming up and poor stretching Muscle weakness or an imbalance in the muscle strength within the hamstring muscles Muscle weakness or an imbalance between the hamstrings and quadriceps Poor footwear Recurrent injury when the muscle hasn't completely [emedicinehealth.com]
Regular deep tissue sports massage can help prevent muscle strains by identifying tight knots and weak points in the muscle. Brukner, P. and Khan, K. [sportmedbc.com]
Grade 3 Hamstring Strain A grade 3 hamstring strain is a severe injury involving a tear to half or all of the hamstring muscle. You may need crutches to walk and will feel severe pain and weakness in the muscle. [physioworks.com.au]
- Muscle Swelling
You may notice some hamstring muscle swelling and your hamstring will be tender to palpate. It will also be painful for you to bend your knee against resistance. [physioworks.com.au]
This helps decrease swelling in the muscle. ELEVATION is important to encourage blood flow to the heart to decrease swelling. [sportmedbc.com]
- Muscle Contracture
Female runner suffering from a painful hamstring muscle contracture or spasm during training. Sport leg injury during running concept. [ossurwebshop.co.uk]
Neurologic
- Sciatica
The best advice is to consult an accredited sports physiotherapist or osteopath, who will be able to assess and grade the level of hamstring muscle injury to confirm whether it is a strain, tear, tendon injury, or another cause such as sciatica. [cyclingweekly.com]
Syndrome Muscle Strain (Muscle Pain) Cramps DOMS - Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness Other Knee-Related Conditions Runner's Knee Fibromyalgia Stress Fracture Overuse Injuries Restless Legs Syndrome Tendinpathies Proximal Hamstring Tendinopathy Referred Pain Sciatica [physioworks.com.au]
Magnetic resonance neurography evaluation of chronic extraspinal sciatica after remote proximal hamstring injury: a preliminary retrospective analysis. J Neurosurg. 2014 Aug. 121 (2):408-14. [Medline]. Kujala UM, Orava S, Järvinen M. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Sciatica, a pain that originates in the nerves as they leave the spinal canal in the low back, can also mimic hamstring injury. Most patients do not need further testing. [emedicinehealth.com]
In the chronic phases of the lesions, sciatica symptoms may arise. 5, 7 In the acute phase, the pain picture greatly impacts the clinical evaluation of the patient. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
- Unable to Walk
There is an immediate burning or stabbing pain and the athlete is unable to walk without pain. The muscle is completely torn and there may be a large lump of muscle tissue above a depression where the tear is. [physioroom.com]
He is still unable to walk properly, and sees a bruise forming on the painful area. He applies more ice to his hamstring and contacts his physical therapist. [choosept.com]
Athletes will often instantly grab in pain at the back of the thigh, being unable to walk without limping. There is often focal tenderness where there is pain that is aggravated by stretching the affected thigh. [medicinenet.com]
There is an immediate burning or stabbing pain and the individual is unable to walk without pain. The muscle is completely torn and there may be a large lump of muscle tissue above a depression where the tear is. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Neuralgia
[…] to sciatic nerve involvement, the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and lower gluteal nerve can also be involved, causing dysesthesia and weakness of the hip extensors. 2, 3, 5, 7, 15, 16, 21 Injuries that are not surgically treated may evolve with neuralgia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Treatment
Hamstring Injury Treatment Treatment of hamstring injuries will vary depending on the type of injury you have, its severity, and your own needs and expectations. [orthotoc.com]
In nearly all cases, hamstring strains will heal following adherence to a treatment program that includes these conservative, non-surgical treatment options. [highmountainortho.com]
Other Treatment Modalities Glucocorticoid Injections. Intramuscular corticosteroid injection have been used as a treatment to prevent prolonged disability in hamstring injuries. [sportsmedreview.com]
Hamstring injuries: prevention and treatment – an update. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2014. http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/early/2015/06/23/bjsports-2014-094427.full Last Review Date: 26-11-2017 Next Review Date: 26-11-2019 [local-physio.co.uk]
Prognosis
The diagnosis and prognosis for time to return to sport (RTS) after acute hamstring injuries are mainly based on a comprehen-sive clinical examination 2–7. [aspetar.com]
Treatment and prognosis Return to play is largely predicted by clinical assessment with poor correlation between imaging-based grading systems and time to return to play 4. [radiopaedia.org]
This makes recommendations regarding rehabilitation and prognosis about healing time and return-to-play notoriously difficult. [sportsinjurybulletin.com]
Many classification systems have been proposed; the current classifications aim to describe the injury and correlate it to the prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Injury Mechanism & Prognosis The importance of establishing the mechanism of injury is important in terms of guiding the rehabilitation process and advising the time that will be lost to sport. [sportssurgeryclinic.com]
Etiology
The hamstrings consist of three muscles : The biceps femoris The semitendinosus and The semimembranosus. [2] [3] Epidemiology/Etiology The cause of a hamstring muscle strain is often obscure. [physio-pedia.com]
Epidemiology
Epidemiology of Hamstring Strains in 25 NCAA Sports in the 2009-2010 to 2013-2014 Academic Years. [en.wikipedia.org]
“Epidemiology of muscle injuries in profressional football (soccer).” American Journal of Sports Medicine 20 (2011). Mtshali, P. TS, N. P. Mbambo-Kekana, A. V. Stewart, and E. Musenge. [totum.ca]
Epidemiology. Most researchers agree that hamstring injuries comprise a substantial percentage of acute, sports-related musculoskeletal injuries [55]. [sportsmedreview.com]
Epidemiology of injuries in the Australian Football League, seasons 1997–2000. British journal of sports medicine. 2002; 36 (1):39–44. [ PMC free article ] [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 44. Palmer WE, Kuong SJ, Elmadbouh HM. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Related Medscape topics : Resource Center Adolescent Medicine Resource Center Exercise and Sports Medicine Resource Center Joint Disorders Resource Center Trauma Specialty Site Orthopaedics Epidemiology Frequency United States As a percentage of lower-extremity [emedicine.medscape.com]
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology. Hamstring injuries occur along a continuum ranging from mild strain at the myotendinous junction to the less common ischial tuberosity (proximal hamstring) injuries. A strain is a partial disruption of the musculotendinous unit. [sportsmedreview.com]
Prevention
Preventing Hamstring Injury Mark my words, “Prevention is much better than Cure.” Anything you can do to prevent an injury from occurring is worth it. [stretchcoach.com]
The stated specific aim of the NHE is to strengthen the hamstrings to help prevent against hamstring injury. [dovepress.com]
Current trends in treatment and prevention. Sports Med. 1997 Jun. 23(6):397-404. [Medline]. Unger CL, Unger DA. Preventing and rehabilitating hamstring injuries. Athl Ther Today. 1997 May. 44-9. Worrell TW. [emedicine.medscape.com]
ECCENTRIC EXERCISES: STUDYING “VACCINES” FOR MUSCLES Training using eccentric exercises is important to prevent possible damage. [barcainnovationhub.com]
Hamstring Injury Prevention Warm up before working out or playing sports, and be sure to cool down afterward. Exercise regularly to maintain muscular and cardiovascular fitness and prevent injuries from fatigue. Stretch and Strengthen. [orthotoc.com]