Presentation
Presentation is non-specific and often includes abnormal vaginal bleeding and/or discharge, a cervical mass protruding from the vagina, abdominal and/or pelvic pain or, less commonly, difficulty passing stool and perianal pain. [orpha.net]
Conclusion: The present study data can be used for estimation of load of the benign and malignant tumours of uterine cervix. [ijmhs.net]
Tumors of the lacrimal gland may present as proptosis and changes in vision. ACC arising in the tracheobronchial tree may present with respiratory symptoms, while tumors arising in the larynx may lead to changes in speech. [oralcancerfoundation.org]
We herein present an unusual case of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endometrial adenocarcinoma occurring simultaneously. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
- Pathologist
Pathologist – a doctor who diagnoses and characterizes diseases in living patients by examining biopsies or bodily fluids. The vast majority of cancer diagnoses are made or confirmed by a pathologist. [cervix.cz]
Biopsy – A sample of tissue is cut from the cervix and viewed under a microscope by a pathologist to check for signs of cancer, often referred to as cone biopsy. [pinkdrive.co.za]
Pathologist - Heliopolis Hospital - São Paulo. 2 Senior Associate Professor - Department of Surgery, Medical School - University of São Paulo. [scielo.br]
After a conization or biopsy procedure, the pathologist studies the tissue to determine if precancerous changes (referred to as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 1 to 3, depending on its extent) or cancer are present. [medicinenet.com]
- Weight Loss
Symptoms of advanced cervical cancer may include: loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, pelvic pain, back pain, leg pain, swollen legs, heavy vaginal bleeding, bone fractures, and (rarely) leakage of urine or feces from the vagina. [23] Bleeding after [en.wikipedia.org]
- Lymphedema
We evaluate secondary lymphedema that results from anticancer therapy for breast cancer under 13.10E if the lymphedema is treated by surgery to salvage or restore the functioning of an upper extremity. [ssa.gov]
Lifestyles Physical Activity Nutrition and Weight Management Supplement Use Immunizations and Infections Late Effects/Long-Term Psychosocial and Physical Problems Anthracycline-Induced Cardiac Toxicity Anxiety and Depression Cognitive Function Fatigue Lymphedema [nccn.org]
Removing lymph nodes often causes problems such as accumulation of fluids in tissues, which can cause persistent swelling (lymphedema), and nerve damage. [msdmanuals.com]
Lymphedema Lymphedema, a condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling, can result from damage to the lymphatic system sustained during radiation therapy. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Foul Smelling Discharge
Large cancers are more likely to bleed and may cause a foul-smelling discharge from the vagina and pain in the pelvic area. If the cancer is widespread, it can cause lower back pain and swelling of the legs. [msdmanuals.com]
- Severe Pain
SR, P 5 L 3 D 1 A 1, presented with the complaints of intermittent bleeding per vaginum since last 3 years and severe pain in the right lower limb since 1 month. On examination, there was a proliferative growth in the cervix. [jmidlifehealth.org]
Gastrointestinal
- Pelvic Mass
Abdominal examination revealed a large, irregular, firm supra-pubic mass. On pelvic examination, the same mass was felt in the vagina. Cervix and uterus were not felt separately from the mass. [wjso.biomedcentral.com]
Musculoskeletal
- Back Pain
Non-mechanical back pain, especially in the middle or lower back, is the most frequent symptom of both benign and malignant spinal tumors. This back pain is not specifically attributed to injury, stress or physical activity. [aans.org]
(area below your belly and between your hips) Lower back pain Without treatment, cervical cancer can cause death. [msdmanuals.com]
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) Low back pain Other musculoskeletal disorders [cdc.gov]
- Low Back Pain
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) Low back pain Other musculoskeletal disorders [cdc.gov]
Psychiatrical
- Suggestibility
The expression of p53 is greater in the malignant cervical neoplasms than the pre-malignant cervical lesions, suggesting that p53 overexpression is not an early phenomenon in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. [journalarticle.ukm.my]
Next, they suggested that k-Ras becomes activated and the polyp becomes a small, benign adenoma. The adenoma, lacking the "carcinoma" attached to the end of it, suggests that it is a benign version of the malignant adenocarcinoma. [en.wikipedia.org]
Histopathology was suggestive of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the cervix. Immunohistochemistry was positive for cytokeratin, vimentin, HMB45. [jmidlifehealth.org]
Most medical organizations suggest women begin routine Pap tests at age 21 and repeat them every few years. Practice safe sex. Using a condom, having fewer sexual partners and delaying intercourse may reduce your risk of cervical cancer. [mayoclinic.org]
Two histological patterns are significantly suggestive of schwannomas; Antoni A and Antoni B regions. [oatext.com]
Urogenital
- Vaginal Bleeding
Presentation is non-specific and often includes abnormal vaginal bleeding and/or discharge, a cervical mass protruding from the vagina, abdominal and/or pelvic pain or, less commonly, difficulty passing stool and perianal pain. [orpha.net]
Symptoms and signs of cervical cancer include: Abnormal vaginal bleeding Vaginal bleeding after menopause Vaginal bleeding after sex Bleeding or spotting between periods Longer or heavier menstrual periods than usual Other abnormal vaginal discharge Pain [medicinenet.com]
Vaginal bleeding after menopause is never normal. If you have gone through menopause and have vaginal bleeding, see your health care provider as soon as possible. [webmd.com]
One of the most common symptoms of cervical cancer is abnormal vaginal bleeding, but in some cases there may be no obvious symptoms until the cancer has progressed to an advanced stage. [pinkdrive.co.za]
Signs and symptoms of more-advanced cervical cancer include: Vaginal bleeding after intercourse, between periods or after menopause Watery, bloody vaginal discharge that may be heavy and have a foul odor Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse When to [mayoclinic.org]
- Pelvic Pain
Presentation is non-specific and often includes abnormal vaginal bleeding and/or discharge, a cervical mass protruding from the vagina, abdominal and/or pelvic pain or, less commonly, difficulty passing stool and perianal pain. [orpha.net]
Signs and symptoms of more-advanced cervical cancer include: Vaginal bleeding after intercourse, between periods or after menopause Watery, bloody vaginal discharge that may be heavy and have a foul odor Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse When to [mayoclinic.org]
Later, you may have pelvic pain or bleeding from the vagina. It usually takes several years for normal cells in the cervix to turn into cancer cells. [icd10data.com]
Uterine fibroids are common and can cause vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain or discomfort, and urinary incontinence. They can be "soft" or "hard" depending on the proportion of fibers to cells. [medicalnewstoday.com]
Pelvic pain. Pain during sexual intercourse. Tests that examine the cervix are used to detect (find) and diagnose cervical cancer. [cancer.gov]
- Vaginal Discharge
Signs and symptoms of more-advanced cervical cancer include: Vaginal bleeding after intercourse, between periods or after menopause Watery, bloody vaginal discharge that may be heavy and have a foul odor Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse When to [mayoclinic.org]
Symptoms and signs of cervical cancer include: Abnormal vaginal bleeding Vaginal bleeding after menopause Vaginal bleeding after sex Bleeding or spotting between periods Longer or heavier menstrual periods than usual Other abnormal vaginal discharge Pain [medicinenet.com]
Treatment for precancerous lesions may cause cramping or other pain, bleeding, or a watery vaginal discharge. [webmd.com]
Fallopian tube cancer : Fallopian tube cancer is very rare in the female reproductive cancer and the mean age of onset is 55 years old, and symptom of the fallopian tube cancer is mainly vaginal discharge. [13] MRI reveals that a sausage-shaped, solid [journals.lww.com]
Check with your doctor if you have any of the following: Vaginal bleeding (including bleeding after sexual intercourse). Unusual vaginal discharge. Pelvic pain. Pain during sexual intercourse. [cancer.gov]
- Postcoital Bleeding
"Postcoital bleeding: a review on etiology, diagnosis, and management". Obstetrics and Gynecology International. 2014 : 192087. doi : 10.1155/2014/192087. PMC 4086375. PMID 25045355. ^ Dunne, EF; Park, IU (Dec 2013). [en.wikipedia.org]
- Kidney Failure
Complications associated with cervical cancer can range from the relatively minor, like some bleeding from the vagina or having to pee frequently, to life-threatening, such as severe bleeding or kidney failure. [nhs.uk]
The urinary tract may be blocked, and without treatment, kidney failure and death can result. Papanicolaou (Pap) tests Biopsy Routine Pap tests or other similar tests can detect the beginnings of cervical cancer. [msdmanuals.com]
They may include: Pain, when the cancer is advanced Abnormal vaginal bleeding (other than during menstruation ) Abnormal vaginal discharge Pelvic pain Kidney failure due to a urinary tract or bowel obstruction, when the cancer is advanced When to Seek [webmd.com]
Workup
Recognition of the etiologic role of human papillomavirus ( HPV ) infection in cervical cancer has led to the recommendation of adding HPV testing to the screening regimen in women 30-65 years of age (see Workup). [emedicine.medscape.com]
The patient may come to the otolaryngologist with a new-onset neck mass and no previous evaluation or may have had extensive evaluation including systemic workup and imaging studies. [jamanetwork.com]
Workup of a patient with a mass in the neck. Adv Surg. 1995;28:371–83. 6. Johnson IJ, Smith I, Akintunde MO, Robson AK, Stafford FW. Assessment of preoperative investigations of thyroglossal cysts. J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1996;41:48–9. 7. [aafp.org]
Treatment
Treatment Options by Stage For information about the treatments listed below, see the Treatment Option Overview section. [cancer.gov]
Treatment The stage of your cancer helps your doctor to decide which treatment you need. [cancerresearchuk.org]
Continued Medical Treatment for Cervical Cancer Treatment for precancerous lesions differs from that of invasive cervical cancer. [webmd.com]
Radiation therapy is another common treatment. [medicinenet.com]
In advanced cancer, palliative treatment may help someone to live longer and to live comfortably, even if they cannot be cured. Palliative treatment can also mean using medicines to reduce or control the side effects of cancer treatments. [cervix.cz]
Prognosis
[…] unusual subtypes of cervical neoplasm, including villoglandular adenocarcinoma, small cell undifferentiated carcinoma, adenoid basal cell carcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma are reviewed, with emphasis on differential histologic features, as the prognosis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Conley J, Hamaker RC: Prognosis of malignant tumors of the parotid gland with facial paralysis. Arch Otolaryngol 1975;101:39–41. [karger.com]
What is the prognosis for cervical cancer? Can it be cured? What are the survival rates? As with most cancers, the prognosis is better for cancers that are detected in early stages than for advanced cancers. [medicinenet.com]
[…] than leiomyosarcoma Most tumors of cervix are extensions from endometrium; may be secondary to radiation therapy for cervical squamous cell carcinoma Mean age 50 to 65 years, range 12 to 93 years Often confined to uterus at presentation with better prognosis [pathologyoutlines.com]
It also has a poor prognosis. There is no reported case of sarcomatoid carcinoma with malignant melanoma. [jmidlifehealth.org]
Etiology
Because of its etiological diversity, there is an age range of onset that can reach from the pediatric to the elderly patient. [scielo.br]
Etiology/Epidemiology A wide age range has been reported for adenoid cystic carcinoma, including cases in the pediatric age group. Most individuals are diagnosed with the disease in the fourth through sixth decades of life. [oralcancerfoundation.org]
It typically presents in the head and neck as cervical adenopathy of unknown etiology. Multiple biopsies showing florid lymphoid hyperplasia are frequently required to establish the diagnosis. [aafp.org]
The etiology and pathogenesis of synchronous cancers remain unclear. When similar tissues of the female genital tract are subjected to carcinogen exposure during fetal/embryological development, synchronous tumors may develop ( 5 ). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology
The change in the epidemiologic trend in the United States has been attributed to mass screening with Papanicolaou (Pap) tests, which permits detection and treatment of preinvasive disease. [emedicine.medscape.com]
American Journal of Epidemiology. 157 (11): 966–72. doi : 10.1093/aje/kwg067. PMID 12777359. Archived from the original on 19 May 2009. [en.wikipedia.org]
Etiology/Epidemiology A wide age range has been reported for adenoid cystic carcinoma, including cases in the pediatric age group. Most individuals are diagnosed with the disease in the fourth through sixth decades of life. [oralcancerfoundation.org]
Pathophysiology
Porth pathophysiology: concepts of altered health states (1st Canadian ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 660. ISBN 978-1-60547-781-7. ^ Robbins S, Kumar V, Abbas A, Fausto N (2007). [en.wikipedia.org]
Pathophysiology Human papillomavirus ( HPV ) infection must be present for cervical cancer to occur. HPV infection occurs in a high percentage of sexually active women. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Prevention
When exposed to HPV, a woman's immune system typically prevents the virus from doing harm. [mayoclinic.org]
Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Cervical Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, March 6, 2012, 156(5). [labtestsonline.it]
[…] and early detection of cervical cancer: American Cancer Society, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and American Society for Clinical Pathology screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. [nccn.org]
Is there a vaccine to prevent cervical cancer? Yes, cervical cancer often can be prevented with vaccination and modern screening techniques that detect precancerous changes in the cervix. [medicinenet.com]