Presentation
In this report, we present a case of intra- abdominal M. abscessus presenting as an enlarging mass in a patient on chronic corticosteroid therapy. [journals.lww.com]
The infection would be acquired independently from predominant clones present in the environment, explaining the existence of clusters. [tesisenred.net]
MAB-MLST provides direct input on STs as well as which gene profile is present. [hindawi.com]
References Case Report A 32-year-old woman presented to the dermatology clinic with a tender lump overlying the right maxilla of 6 weeks’ duration. [mdedge.com]
Besides showing an increase in triglycosylated forms of these lipids, CF sputum- and synthetic CF medium-grown isolates presented as yet unknown forms of GPLs representing as much as 10% to 20% of the total GPL content of the cells, in which the classical [pubs.acs.org]
Psychiatrical
- Suggestibility
Shadows suggestive of infiltration and/or bronchiectasis were observed (arrows). [dovepress.com]
While the Lancet paper showed that person-to-person transmission took place at Papworth Hospital and there is a case report suggesting the same thing has happened at a CF centre in the US, the current study aims to establish whether this is happening [cysticfibrosis.org.uk]
Such studies have suggested that biofilm formation is restricted to the MaSm variant (32, 33, 40). [aac.asm.org]
Testing of isolates for inducible macrolide resistance suggested. Prior exposure to macrolides heightens the likelihood of macrolide resistance. ~20% of M. abscessus subsp abscessus isolates contain an inactive erm gene. [hopkinsguides.com]
These clustered isolates are more virulent when tested in vitro and in vivo and result in worse clinical outcomes, which suggests that they are evolving from environmental saprophytes into obligate lung pathogens. [science.sciencemag.org]
Neurologic
- Confusion
Occasionally confused with Corynebacterium spp. (described as diphtheroid growing in broth systems). [hopkinsguides.com]
There are criteria for the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes to place names on the list of rejected names (nomina rejicienda) including “a name causing confusion (nomen ambiguum)” or a “perplexing name (nomen [atsjournals.org]
- Seizure
This study demonstrated that it is possible to reduce the amount of imipenem, a drug that can cause seizures in high doses, needed to inhibit M. abscessus by combining it with amoxicillin and relebactam. [europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com]
Workup
Microbiology
- Staphylococcus Aureus
Direct microscopic observation of human neutrophil-Staphylococcus aureus interaction in vitro suggests a potential mechanism for initiation of biofilm infection on an implanted medical device. [8] B. Ratnikov, E. Deryugina, J. Leng, G. Marchenko, D. [archbronconeumol.org]
Treating NTM Lung Disease Like typical CF infections from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, NTM can chronically infect (“colonize”) the airways. Most people with a single positive NTM culture will not require treatment. [cff.org]
He had been on PD for 4 years and had experienced one previous episode of PD peritonitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus requiring catheter replacement 2 years ago. [bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com]
These cases might have been exacerbated by co-infection with other microorganisms, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus fumigatus, Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). [dovepress.com]
According to a review of 13 cases of pyogenic spondylitis with exudative pleural effusion, Staphylococcus aureus was the major pathogen [27]. [bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com]
Treatment
Interestingly, for M. abscessus subsp. massiliense, where treatment success was higher, in 56.7% of cases, there was not this apparent association of treatment success with antibiotic choice, possibly because the better outcomes masked observable treatment [erj.ersjournals.com]
Macrolide susceptibility is key for successful treatment of M. abscessus subsp. massiliense. [journals.lww.com]
The tolerability of linezolid in the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease. Eur Respir J 2015;45:1177â1179. 61. Diagnosis and treatment of disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria. [ekjm.org]
TREATMENT OF 65 PATIENTS WITH MYCOBACTERIUM ABSCESSUS LUNG DISEASE Treatment No. ( % ) of Patients Treatment completion 41 (63%) Treatment for ≥ 24 mo 37 Treatment for < 24 mo 4 Treatment incompletion 24 (37%) On the treatment 15 Refused further therapy [atsjournals.org]
Prognosis
New studies differentiating M. abscessus subsp. abscessus and M. abscessus subsp. massiliense based on the erm (41) gene demonstrate the latter to have a better prognosis and improved treatment outcomes. [journals.lww.com]
Firstly, it provides more definitive evidence to physicians involved in the treatment of MAB-PD, for both the communication of prognosis to patients, and to help guide the choice of drugs most likely to lead to an improved prognosis. [erj.ersjournals.com]
Other less common CT findings include: air-space consolidation lobar volume loss pleural thickening mediastinal lymphadenopathy Treatment and prognosis M. abscessus is resistant to many antibiotics and thus is very difficult to treat. [radiopaedia.org]
Clarithromycin (CAM) susceptibility may influence the prognosis and severity of MabC lung disease. [12], [13], [14], [15] However, drug susceptibility testing (DST) of MAA isolates from patients is currently not well documented, but it may predict outcomes [ijmyco.org]
Etiology
Results: in 32 patients MAC was identified as etiological agent causing pulmonary disease and in 10 cases, M. abscessus was the agent. 26 (61.9%) of the patients were between 51 and 86 years of age. [scielo.org.co]
2018/7/1/69/226778 Introduction The Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MabC) comprises a group of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) that represent the most common etiological agents of lung disease. [1], [2], [3] MabC bacteria are resistant to many antibiotics [ijmyco.org]
Although the specialization in parasitism seems most advanced with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis, specific host-oriented adaptation processes also exist for several nontuberculous bacteria (NTM) (1, 2). [pnas.org]
Trends in Pulmonary Disease MABC is the most common etiological agent of pulmonary disease caused by RGM, representing 3-13% of all NTM-PD (Honda et al., 2018). [frontiersin.org]
Epidemiology
Seven sequence type of epidemiological importance were found, including ST 23. Longitudinal monitoring shows a high variability of the ST in Brest compared to Montpellier, which is confirmed by the VNTR. [theses.fr]
Molecular clusters should be verified by field epidemiology. The detected clusters include patients not epidemiologically related. Based on our results, interhuman transmission would have an anecdotal role in the transmission of M. abscessus. [tesisenred.net]
We observed no geographical structure to the phylogeny and in keeping with this, by linking genomic data to a detailed national epidemiological database, showed that most patients in clusters have no identifiable epidemiological links. [thelancet.com]
The utility of genome-based studies in comprehending disease progression, surveillance, tracing transmission routes, and epidemiological outbreaks on a global scale has been highlighted. [tandfonline.com]
Disease Burden The global isolation and epidemiology of M. abscessus complex are diverse. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Pathophysiology
The S and R variants can be viewed as two representatives of the same isolate which can coexist in the host and evolve differently in response to host immunity, leading to different pathophysiological features. [cell.com]
Interestingly, these bacteria can also be found in amoebae (30, 31) and share with M. abscessus the same pathophysiological niche, such as the CF patient airways. [pnas.org]
There is thus an urgent need to better understand the pathophysiology of M. abscessus, define optimal drug targets and predict the virulence and antibiotic susceptibility of clinical isolates. [nature.com]
Prevention
Prevention of Mycobacterium abscessus Anyone who touches or cares for the infected site should wash their hands carefully with soap and water. [cdc.gov]
The EIN is funded through a cooperative agreement between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and IDSA. [wwwnc.cdc.gov]
Our findings indicate how key interventions, such as early treatment and cross-infection control, might restrict existing pathogens and prevent new, emergent ones. [science.sciencemag.org]
The optimal treatment to prevent clinical relapse in these patients has not been well established. At times, antibiotic regimens have also been shown to produce long-term sputum conversion. [omicsonline.org]