Presentation
However, children with ODD simply do not show the serious behavioral problems that are present in Conduct Disorder (e.g., behaviors that violate the rights of others such as destruction of property). [mentalhelp.net]
ODD typically presents more in boys than girls when seen in younger children; however, in school-aged children and adolescents, ODD typically affects boys and girls equally. [adoptontario.ca]
Symptoms and behavior Doctors diagnose oppositional defiant disorder based on the child's symptoms and behavior, which must have been present for at least 6 months and be serious enough to interfere with the child's ability to function. [msdmanuals.com]
Some clinicians have debated whether the diagnostic criteria presented above would be clinically relevant for use with females. Furthermore, some have questioned whether gender-specific criteria and thresholds should be included. [en.wikipedia.org]
Entire Body System
- Weakness
These weak bonds with their parents may lead children to associate with delinquency and substance abuse. Family instability and stress can also contribute to the development of ODD. [en.wikipedia.org]
Cardiovascular
- Hypotension
Effects that can result in taking these medications include hypotension, extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, obesity, and increase in weight. [en.wikipedia.org]
Psychiatrical
- Anger
Oppositional Defiant Disorder Overview As its name indicates, Oppositional Defiant Disorder (also referred to as Oppositional Defiance Disorder or ODD) is a disorder characterized by anger, defiance, and negativity. [crchealth.com]
Boys with ODD tend to be more physically aggressive and have explosive anger while girls often lie, refuse to cooperate, and express symptoms in other indirect ways. [additudemag.com]
[…] oppositional defiant disorder tend to frequently do the following: Lose their temper easily and repeatedly Argue with adults Defy adults Refuse to obey rules Deliberately annoy people Blame others for their own mistakes or misbehavior Be easily annoyed and angered [merckmanuals.com]
[…] upsetting situations or events that may cause anger and stress. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Aggressive Behavior
Holt describes the passive-aggressive behavior of slaves or prisoners in concentration camps, designed to placate authority figures while keeping a sense of self-dignity intact. [kars4kids.org]
Although these behaviors can be typical among siblings they must be observed with individuals other than siblings for an ODD diagnosis. [5] Children with ODD can be verbally aggressive. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Fear
The BIS produces anxiety and inhibits ongoing behavior in the presence of novel events, innate fear stimuli, and signals of nonreward or punishment. [en.wikipedia.org]
Neurologic
- Behavior Problem
Oppositional defiant disorder is: A behavior problem in which a child is negative, difficult, and repeatedly disobeys teachers and parents Many children act this way sometimes, but a child with oppositional defiant disorder acts this way over and over [msdmanuals.com]
Neurobiological factors [ edit ] Deficits and injuries to certain areas of the brain can lead to serious behavioral problems in children. [en.wikipedia.org]
However, children with ODD simply do not show the serious behavioral problems that are present in Conduct Disorder (e.g., behaviors that violate the rights of others such as destruction of property). [mentalhelp.net]
Causes of Oppositional Defiant Disorder As is the case with depression, learning disabilities, and many other emotional and behavioral problems that affect adolescents and teenagers, Oppositional Defiant Disorder does not lend itself to quick diagnosis [crchealth.com]
- Tantrums
Back Print Also known as: Conduct disorder, Oppositional Defiant disorder Background Tantrums and some oppositional behaviour can be part of normal development for most young children and can be an expression of boundary testing when learning social rules [contact.org.uk]
ODD includes regular temper tantrums, excessive arguments with adults, and uncooperative, deliberately annoying actions. [additudemag.com]
[…] non-compliant behavior An unwillingness to compromise Frequent arguing with, talking back to, or challenging of authority Irritability, resentfulness, or negativity Deliberate provocation of others which comes across as mean, spiteful, or rude Temper tantrums [mentalhelp.net]
Some of these symptoms include*: Multiple and frequent temper tantrums Excessive arguing with adults or authority figures Questioning rules Active defiance – refusal to listen to requests from adults Deliberate attempts to annoy or frustrate others Blaming [adoptontario.ca]
Treatment
Among adolescents and teens, treatment will most likely focus on both the child and the family. [crchealth.com]
Treatment There are many different forms of treatment for children with ODD; there is no one best treatment and effectiveness will depend on the child and the symptoms presenting. [adoptontario.ca]
Treatment is with individual psychotherapy combined with family or caregiver therapy. Occasionally, drugs may be used to reduce irritability. [merckmanuals.com]
[…] specifically to the individual child, and different treatment techniques are applied for pre-schoolers and adolescents. [21] Psychopharmacological treatment [ edit ] Psychopharmacological treatment is the use of prescribed medication in managing oppositional [en.wikipedia.org]
Etiology
Etiology of oppositional defiant disorder is unknown, but it is probably most common among children from families in which the adults engage in loud, argumentative, interpersonal conflicts. [merckmanuals.com]
Researchers looking precisely at the etiological factors linked with ODD are limited. The literature often examines common risk factors linked with all disruptive behaviours, rather than specifically about ODD. [en.wikipedia.org]
Epidemiology
"Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder in a national sample: developmental epidemiology". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 45 (3): 609–21. doi : 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00250.x. PMID 15055379. ^ a b eAACAP (2009). [en.wikipedia.org]
Prevention
Anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder: In these disorders, the oppositional behaviors occur when children have overwhelming anxiety or when they are prevented from carrying out their rituals. [merckmanuals.com]
Interference might take the form of preventing the child or adolescent from learning at school or making friends, or placing him or her in harmful situations. These behaviours must also persist for at least six months. [en.wikipedia.org]