Patients with periodontitis may present with symptoms such as swollen or puffy gums, bright red, dusky red, or purplish gums, gums that feel tender when touched, gums that bleed easily, especially when brushing or flossing, bad breath, pus between your teeth and gums, loose teeth or loss of teeth, and pain when chewing. The gums may also recede, making the teeth appear longer than usual.

The diagnosis of periodontitis typically involves a thorough dental examination. A dentist or periodontist will check for plaque and tartar buildup and measure the pocket depth of the groove between your gums and teeth. Healthy pockets are usually between 1 and 3 millimeters deep. Pockets deeper than 4 millimeters may indicate periodontitis. Dental X-rays may be taken to check for bone loss in areas where your dentist observes deeper pocket depths.

The primary goal of periodontitis treatment is to thoroughly clean the pockets around teeth and prevent damage to surrounding bone. Treatment may involve both surgical and non-surgical approaches. Non-surgical treatments include scaling and root planing, which is a deep-cleaning method to remove tartar and bacteria from tooth surfaces and beneath the gums. Surgical treatments may include flap surgery to reduce pocket depth or bone and tissue grafts to regenerate lost bone or gum tissue.

With proper treatment, the progression of periodontitis can be halted, and in some cases, the damage can be reversed. However, the prognosis depends on the severity of the disease, the patient's oral hygiene practices, and their overall health. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene are crucial for maintaining oral health and preventing further complications.

Periodontitis is primarily caused by poor oral hygiene, which allows plaque—a sticky film of bacteria—to build up on the teeth and harden. This plaque can lead to gingivitis, the mildest form of gum disease, which can progress to periodontitis if not treated. Other factors that can contribute to periodontitis include smoking, hormonal changes, certain illnesses such as diabetes, medications that reduce saliva flow, and genetic susceptibility.

Periodontitis is a common condition affecting millions of people worldwide. It is more prevalent in adults, with the risk increasing with age. According to studies, approximately 47% of adults aged 30 years and older have some form of periodontal disease, with the prevalence increasing to 70% in adults 65 years and older.

The pathophysiology of periodontitis involves the complex interaction between the host's immune response and the bacterial biofilm on the teeth. The bacteria in dental plaque release toxins that trigger an inflammatory response in the gums. This inflammation can lead to the destruction of the tissues and bone that support the teeth, resulting in the formation of periodontal pockets and, eventually, tooth loss if untreated.

Preventing periodontitis involves maintaining good oral hygiene practices. This includes brushing your teeth at least twice a day, flossing daily, and using an antiseptic mouthwash to reduce plaque buildup. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are also essential. Avoiding tobacco use and managing health conditions such as diabetes can further reduce the risk of developing periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a serious gum disease that can lead to tooth loss if not properly managed. It is caused by the buildup of plaque and tartar on the teeth, leading to inflammation and destruction of the supporting structures of the teeth. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent further damage. Good oral hygiene and regular dental visits are key to preventing periodontitis.

If you suspect you have periodontitis, it is important to seek dental care promptly. Symptoms such as bleeding gums, bad breath, and loose teeth should not be ignored. Maintaining good oral hygiene and attending regular dental check-ups can help prevent the onset of periodontitis and ensure a healthy smile.