Presentation
Case Report A 37-year-old lady presented with a 6-month history of left-sided acute onset moderate to severe chest pain. [indianjpain.org]
Angina pectoris presenting as headache. Garg A, Bohra P, Gupta MK. Garg A, et al. Indian Heart J. 2004 Nov-Dec;56(6):685-6. Indian Heart J. 2004. PMID: 15754433 No abstract available. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
In addition, elderly individuals have a greater prevalence of coronary artery disease, which, when present, is more severe than that in younger patients 10. [scielo.br]
Gastrointestinal
- Abdominal Pain
Gut pain and visceral hypersensitivity. British Journal of Pain 2013;7:39–47. 48 Mayer EA, Tillisch K. The brain-gut axis in abdominal pain syndromes. Ann Rev Med 2011;62:381–96. 49 Spalding L, Reay E, Kelly C. [intramed.net]
Cardiovascular
- Chest Pain
Non-cardiac chest pain: time to extend the rapid access chest pain clinic? Int J Clin Pract 2013;67:303–6. 16 Marks E, Chambers J, Russell V, et al. Rapid access chest pain clinic: distress and disability. [intramed.net]
Difficult problems in the diagnosis of chest pain. Levine HJ. Levine HJ. Am Heart J. 1980 Jul;100(1):108-18. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(80)90286-0. Am Heart J. 1980. PMID: 6770665 Review. No abstract available. Evaluation of acute chest pain. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
An unusual cause of chest pain: Fused cervical vertebra (C3-C4). [indianjpain.org]
A sharp or ill-characterized chest pain or discomfort, not related to effort, was considered nonanginal chest pain 5. [scielo.br]
Often chest pain is not associated with diseases of the heart. [survincity.com]
Neurologic
- Asthenia
Da Costa’s syndrome or neurocirculatory asthenia. Br Heart J 1987;58:306–15. 31 Wood P. Da Costa’s syndrome (or effort syndrome). BMJ 1941;i:767–72, 805–11, 845–51. 32 Jeresaty RM. Mitral valv eprolpase. [intramed.net]
Treatment
Treatment methods The main treatment was psychotherapy, aiming to eliminate the patient's fear and pressure. [alliedacademies.org]
A multidisciplinary, biopsychosocial treatment for non-cardiac chest pain. Int J Clin Pract Published Online First: 31 Oct 2014; doi:10.1111/ijcp.12533 21 Clare A, Andiappan M, MacNeil S, et al. [intramed.net]
[New data in the diagnosis and treatment of stable angina pectoris]. Kárpáti P. Kárpáti P. Orv Hetil. 2006 May 21;147(20):917-23. Orv Hetil. 2006. PMID: 16776046 Review. Hungarian. MeSH terms [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Why heartache Pain in the heart — One of the most frequent causes of treatment for people by ambulance. [survincity.com]
Prognosis
Exercise testing has a good cost-risk-benefit ratio for diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease, including in the elderly population 11. [scielo.br]
Prognosis of incident angina and non-cardiac chest pain in 8762 consecutive patients. Heart 2007;93:458–63. 12 Blatchford O, Capewell S. [intramed.net]
Etiology
Chest pain with normal coronary anatomy: a review of natural history and possible etiologic factors. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1990;33:161–84. 24 Robertson N, Javed N, Samani NJ, et al. [intramed.net]
Epidemiology
Noncardiac chest pain: epidemiology, natural course and pathogenesis. J Neurgastroenterol Motil 2011;17:110–23. 2 Eslick GD, Coulshed DS, Talley N. Review article: the burden of illness of non-cardiac chest pain. [intramed.net]
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of cardiac syndrome X—a tale of paradigm shifts. Cardiovasc Res 2001;52:174–7. 40 Parsyan A, Pilote L. Cardiac syndrome X: mystery continues. Can J Cardiol 2012;28:S30S6. 41 Rosen SD. [intramed.net]