Presentation
She then presented with a vaginal relapse and an isolated hepatic lesion, both of which were proposed for surgery. The diagnosis of MM of the cervix is a clinical and pathological challenge due to its rarity and overlapping features. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
The present case was initially misdiagnosed and treated on the regimen for squamous cell carcinoma, but progressed despite chemotherapy. [casereports.bmj.com]
Since a primary melanoma and epitheliotropism of the melanoma cells was not present, a diagnosis of primary cervical melanoma was reached. [spandidos-publications.com]
Entire Body System
- Lymphadenopathy
This gives an overview of the whole pelvis and allows assessment of pelvic and inguinal lymphadenopathy. [pubs.rsna.org]
Gastrointestinal
- Constipation
As it progresses, vaginal cancer may cause signs and symptoms such as: Unusual vaginal bleeding, for example, after intercourse or after menopause Watery vaginal discharge A lump or mass in your vagina Painful urination Frequent urination Constipation [mayoclinic.org]
Patients were encouraged to take laxatives to prevent constipation during the treatment period. 4.4. [mdpi.com]
Cardiovascular
- Chest Pain
Case Report A 58-year-old female, not having any systemic disease or a family history of cancer, presented with left anterior chest pain for the past 6 months. [e-fjs.org]
Workup
An extensive clinicoradiological workup, and immunohistochemical confirmation is essential to rule out metastatic lesions and confirm primary. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:252–256. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]
After radiological workup, the mass was resected in December 2012. The histopathological examination report and immunohistochemistry suggested malignant melanoma. [jcmtjournal.com]
Recognition of the etiologic role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in cervical cancer has led to the recommendation of adding HPV testing to the screening regimen in women 30-65 years of age (see Workup). [emedicine.medscape.com]
Treatment
Surgical resection is the main treatment of choice for PMMC. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
There is no standard treatment; however, radical surgery is the treatment cornerstone. [hindawi.com]
Doctors want to learn whether the new treatment is safe, effective, and possibly better than the standard treatment. Clinical trials can test a new drug, a new combination of standard treatments, or new doses of standard drugs or other treatments. [cancer.net]
The potential benefits of receiving cancer treatment must be carefully balanced with the potential risks of receiving cancer treatment. The following is a general overview of the treatment of stage III cervical cancer. [texasoncology.com]
Prognosis
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of primary cervical malignant melanoma, and its prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Poor prognosis is considered for the neoplasia itself as well as for diagnostic tardiness. There is no standard treatment; however, radical surgery is the treatment cornerstone. [hindawi.com]
Etiology
With the increasing incidence of cutaneous melanomas there is an urgent need to search for etiological and pathogenic factors other than, or additional to, UV radiation. [tandfonline.com]
Case Series Introduction The foremost important etiological factor for malignant melanoma is considered to be sunlight exposure. However, primary lesions are also seen in non-sun-exposed areas. [casereports.in]
Recognition of the etiologic role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in cervical cancer has led to the recommendation of adding HPV testing to the screening regimen in women 30-65 years of age (see Workup). [emedicine.medscape.com]
"Postcoital bleeding: a review on etiology, diagnosis, and management". Obstetrics and Gynecology International. 2014: 192087. doi:10.1155/2014/192087. PMC 4086375. PMID 25045355. ^ Dunne EF, Park IU (December 2013). [en.wikipedia.org]
Epidemiology
Epidemiology: with STUDENT CONSULT Online Access. Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 318. ISBN 978-1-4160-4002-6. ^ Varricchio, Claudette G. (2004). A cancer source book for nurses. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p. 30. [en.wikipedia.org]
Changing epidemiology of anorectal melanoma. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999;42:1203-8. 34. Coté TR, Sobin LH. Primary melanomas of the esophagus and anorectum: epidemiologic comparison with melanoma of the skin. Melanoma Res. 2009;19:58-60. 35. [cancernetwork.com]
Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA. 283:2008–2012. 2000. [spandidos-publications.com]
The change in the epidemiologic trend in the United States has been attributed to mass screening with Papanicolaou (Pap) tests, which permits detection and treatment of preinvasive disease. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Pathophysiology
Porth pathophysiology: concepts of altered health states (1st Canadian ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 660. ISBN 978-1-60547-781-7. ^ Robbins S, Kumar V, Abbas A, Fausto N (2007). [en.wikipedia.org]
Pathophysiology Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection must be present for cervical cancer to occur. HPV infection occurs in a high percentage of sexually active women. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Prevention
Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Cervical Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Annals of Internal Medicine, March 6, 2012, 156(5). [labtestsonline.it]
Vaccines that prevent some types of HPV infection are available. Exposure to miscarriage prevention drug. [mayoclinic.org]
[…] halting cell cycle progression by preventing the activation of E2F. [en.wikipedia.org]
Diagnosis Symptoms Treatment Causes Prognosis Screening Prevention Download PDF What is cervical cancer? Cervical cancer is the growth of abnormal cells in the lining of the cervix. [cancer.org.au]