Presentation
The patient presented good functional and aesthetic results, with no complications. Keywords: BLEPHAROPLASTY; ENTROPION; RECONSTRUCTION. [surgicalcosmetic.org.br]
The condition is of gradual onset and often there is no history of previous inflammation, so whatever, irritation is present seems to be the result of the entropion and not the cause. [ijo.in]
When entropion is present at birth (congenital), it may be caused by an extra fold of skin on the eyelid that causes turned-in eyelashes. Risk factors Factors that increase your risk of developing entropion include: Age. [mayoclinic.org]
If present, these can also cause secondary spastic entropion. Assess corneal status specifically for corneal abrasions, scarring, thinning, or neovascularization. [aao.org]
Entire Body System
- Collapse
Be sure to close tarsal plate with additional partial thickness horizontal 6‑0 vicryl sutures to reapproximate the full height of the tarsal plate to avoid collapse of the lid margin. [aao.org]
- Weakness
Causes Entropion can be caused by: Muscle weakness. As you age, the muscles under your eyes tend to weaken, and the tendons stretch out. This is the most common cause of entropion. Scars or previous surgeries. [mayoclinic.org]
Skin
- Ulcer
INTRODUCTION Entropion is a senile disorder in which the eyelid turns in toward the eyeball, which can cause irritation, tearing, hyperemia and even corneal ulcers and scarring.1 It is associated with horizontal eyelid laxity, which is caused by the weakening [surgicalcosmetic.org.br]
Demographic and predisposing factors in corneal ulceration. Arch Ophthalmol. 1983; 101: 1545-1548. Olver JM, Barnes JA. Effective small-incision surgery for involutional lower eyelid entropion. Ophthalmology. 2000; 107: 1982-1988. [aao.org]
Musculoskeletal
- Muscle Spasm
It is usually attributed to a spasm of the orbicularis muscle brought on by ocular irritation. For such a spasm to cause the entropion, it would have to be confined to the marginal fibres of the orbicularis (Muscle of Riolan) of the lower lid. [ijo.in]
Spastic entropion occurs from reactive muscle spasms of the orbicularis muscle and requires management of the underlying ocular irritation or infection. [aao.org]
- Fracture
[…] reapproximated well, or if the rest of the tarsus is not closed inferior to the margin to provide vertical support to the margin Weis procedure (eyelid margin rotation) Indications: Treatment of mild to moderate lower lid entropion using margin rotation via fracturing [aao.org]
Eyes
- Corneal Irritation
Complications Corneal irritation and injury are the most serious complications related to entropion because they can lead to permanent vision loss. Prevention Generally, entropion isn't preventable. [mayoclinic.org]
It is only after prolonged corneal irritation caused by the inturned lashes that the spastic element becomes superimposed. That spastic entropion exists as a clinical entity is of course obvious. [ijo.in]
Disease-related complications Corneal irritation from constant irritation of lashes against ocular surface Corneal scarring Corneal ulcer (Musch, Arch Ophthalmol 1983) Vision loss Patient instructions Detailed wound care instructions Follow up for recurrence [aao.org]
- Enophthalmos
The technique is simple and effective when applied to chronic senile entropion unassociated with severe enophthalmos or any cicatricial component. [jamanetwork.com]
The technique is simple and effective when applied to chronic senile entropion unassociated with severe enophthalmos or any cicatricial component. Similar articles Lower eyelid tightening: a comparative study. Liu D. Liu D. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Decrease in orbital fat volume with age can increase enophthalmos and relative eyelid laxity, allowing for greater orbicularis override. [aao.org]
- Foreign Body Sensation
History Chronic foreign body sensation or irritation Pain Red eye Epiphora due to irritation or lash touch Discharge Decreased or blurry vision Clinical features Lower eyelid margin rotated inward against cornea (Figure 1) and conjunctiva causing corneal [aao.org]
- Eye Pain
You may experience: The feeling that something is in your eye Eye redness Eye irritation or pain Sensitivity to light and wind Watery eyes (excessive tearing) Mucous discharge and eyelid crusting When to see a doctor Seek immediate care if you have received [mayoclinic.org]
- Corneal Infiltrate
Evaluate patient for ocular surface disease (i.e., surface keratopathy, corneal infiltrates) and etiology of entropion. Cicatrizing etiologies can demonstrate shortened fornices, symblepharon, and scarred posterior tarsal conjunctiva. [aao.org]
Psychiatrical
- Suggestibility
Over the years, many procedures have been suggested for the correction of this condition. However, the armamentarium of remedies offered is larger than it is effective. The commonest of these methods may be summarized as follows: 1. [jamanetwork.com]
Treatment Many procedures have been suggested for the correction of senile entropion. The great list of the remedies indicates that none of them is fully effective. [ijo.in]
Deeper inferior fornix or more prominent subconjunctival fat on the affected side would suggest dehiscence of the inferior retractors because the retractors also have fibers that insert into the inferior fornix in addition to the insertions into the inferior [aao.org]
- Distractibility
Eyelid taping: Secure a 3‑cm tape strip about 0.5 cm below the central lower eyelid and gently distract in a lateral and slightly elevated position to evert the margin to normal position (Stevens, Comm Eye Health 2012). [aao.org]
Treatment
[Surgical treatment of entropium senile (author's transl)]. Busse H, Promesberger H, Hartmann K. Busse H, et al. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1978;172(6):863-6. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1978. PMID: 357832 German. Repair of entropion and ectropion. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Pathogenesis and treatment. Arch Ophthalmo. 1978;96(10):1883-5. 5. Park SS, Little S. Reconstrução das pálpebras. In: Baker SR. Retalhos locais em reconstrução facial. 2.ed: Elsevier, 2009. p. 390-3. [surgicalcosmetic.org.br]
Preventing and managing treatment complications Recurrence can happen, although less commonly than with Quickert sutures. [aao.org]
A small tender swelling developed at the site of the incision (a stitch abscess), but it subsided readily with medical treatment. [ijo.in]
Etiology
Evaluate patient for ocular surface disease (i.e., surface keratopathy, corneal infiltrates) and etiology of entropion. Cicatrizing etiologies can demonstrate shortened fornices, symblepharon, and scarred posterior tarsal conjunctiva. [aao.org]
The lower eyelids are most affected, usually with complete involvement of the eyelid margin.3 Surgery is the only effective and definitive treatment.2 Thorough knowledge of eyelid anatomy is essential to determine the etiology and carry out the surgical [surgicalcosmetic.org.br]
Epidemiology
Epidemiology Occurs in up to 2.1% of the elderly population (1.9% men and 2.4% women), with significant tissue laxity (Damasceno, Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2011). [aao.org]
Prevention
Close orbicularis muscle and skin edges in layered fashion (scar prevents overriding orbicularis). Preventing and managing treatment complications Recurrence can happen, although less commonly than with Quickert sutures. [aao.org]
Prevention Generally, entropion isn't preventable. You may be able to prevent the type caused by trachoma infection. [mayoclinic.org]