Presentation
Another case of acute infectious lymphocytosis presenting a marked symptomatology has been described, 4 and the belief. . . [nejm.org]
Organized by body system, each section begins with a general framework covering clinical presentation, laboratory and diagnostic evaluation, and empirical antibiotic therapy. [books.google.com]
In view of the difficulty of early diagnosis and the importance of prompt recognition of this dyscrasia, it was deemed of interest to present the following case. [annals.org]
Case reports are presented of 5 cases of acute infectious lymphocytosis in siblings, ages 2¼-10 years. Symptoms included diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, fever and cough. There was an absolute lymphocytosis lasting about three weeks. [bloodjournal.org]
Fever, pharyngitis, and cervical lymphadenopathy are presenting symptoms in more than 80% of cases. Splenomegaly is found in 50% of cases and hepatomegaly in approximately 10% of patients. Rash is present in 20% of cases. Complications are pneumonitis [slideshare.net]
Immune System
- Splenomegaly
An ultrasound study of 19 patients found that in 16 splenomegaly resolved in four weeks but in three it took eight weeks. [patient.info]
Splenomegaly is found in 50% of cases and hepatomegaly in approximately 10% of patients. Rash is present in 20% of cases. Complications are pneumonitis, meningoencephalitis, pericarditis, myocarditis, hepatitis, and laryngeal edema, all of which [slideshare.net]
There is almost never splenomegaly or lymphadenopathy. HTLV-1 may produce a transient lymphocytosis (usually < 20.0 x10 9 /L) with fever,rash, and little lymphadenopathy. Most patients recover; however, some develop adult T cell leukemia. [med-ed.virginia.edu]
[…] as tuberculosis[3] or brucellosis[3] Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Causes of relative lymphocytosis include: age less than 2 years; acute viral infections; connective tissue diseases, thyrotoxicosis, Addison's disease, and splenomegaly [enotes.tripod.com]
[…] chronic lymphocytic leukemia acute lymphoblastic leukemia lymphoma post-splenectomy state smoking Causes of relative lymphocytosis include: age less than 2 years; acute viral infections; connective tissue diseases, thyrotoxicosis, Addison’s disease, and splenomegaly [bestonlinemd.com]
Entire Body System
- Fever
Definition of infectious mononucleosis : an acute infectious disease associated with Epstein-Barr virus that is characterized especially by fever, sore throat, swelling of lymph nodes, fatigue, and lymphocytosis and occurs primarily in adolescents and [merriam-webster.com]
Symptoms included diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, fever and cough. There was an absolute lymphocytosis lasting about three weeks. All of the cases had elevated eosinophil counts during the course of the disease. [bloodjournal.org]
Descriptive Epidemiology 587 Mechanisms and Routes of Transmission 7 Pathogenesis and Immunity 590 Patterns of Host Response 591 Control and Prevention 592 References 593 Suggested Reading 595 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Theodore E Woodward and J Stephen [books.google.com]
The most frequent clinical signs were lymphadenopathy (89.5%), fever (79.7%), general body pain (69.3%), pharyngitis (55.2%), hepatomegaly (47.2%). [bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com]
Clinical findings, which include acute fever symptoms, enlarged lymph nodes, and sometimes exanthema, help to identify a lymphatic reactive state. Unlike the case in acute leukemias, erythrocyte and thrombocyte counts are not significantly reduced. [mussenhealth.us]
- Splenectomy
"Post-splenectomy lymphocytosis". Clinical and laboratory haematology. 17 (4): 335–7. PMID 8697729. ^ Freedman, DS; Flanders, WD; Barboriak, JJ; Malarcher, AM; Gates, L (July 1996). "Cigarette smoking and leukocyte subpopulations in men". [en.wikipedia.org]
Physical examination may show: choriza, cough, fever, pharyngitis adenopathy, especially cervical, epitrochlear splenomegaly or evidence of splenectomy rash In an asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patient with findings suggesting a viral infection and [clinicaladvisor.com]
[…] pertussis some protozoal infections, such as toxoplasmosis and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) chronic intracellular bacterial infections such as tuberculosis or brucellosis chronic lymphocytic leukemia acute lymphoblastic leukemia lymphoma post-splenectomy [bestonlinemd.com]
Ulcerative colitis Hematologic Agranulocytosis Aplastic anemia Hypereosinophilia syndrome Leukocyte adhesion deficiency *Leukemia Sickle cell anemia Immune Idiopathic thrombotic purpura Serum sickness Miscellaneous Alcohol Smoking Down syndrome Post-splenectomy [pediatriceducation.org]
It can occur—lasting up to several months—after splenectomy. It can also be seen in cancer, chronic inflammation or infectious diseases, and even in drug reactions. [captodayonline.com]
- Pathologist
Edited by four leading surgical pathologists - Noel Weidner, MD, Richard J. Cote, MD, Saul Suster, MD and Lawrence M. [books.google.com]
After discussion, the pathologist and clinician felt that the reaction was probably due to the upper respiratory tract infection that she had, and the clinician monitored the patient clinically. [pediatriceducation.org]
These cases—as so often happens—had already been called suspicious for a lymphoproliferative disorder after smear review by a pathologist. [captodayonline.com]
[…] the authors retrospectively reviewed flow cytometry results of 71 patients 50 years of age and older with an absolute lymphocyte count of 4 × 10 9 /L or greater that had been called suspicious for a lymphoproliferative disorder after smear review by a pathologist [hematology.org]
Respiratoric
- Pertussis
Lymphocytosis in Childhood In childhood and adolescence, the chief causes of lymphocytosis are pertussis and acute infectious lymphocytosis. Pertussis (whooping cough) may be associated with lymphocyte counts of 7x10 9 or more. [tcd.ie]
Common causes are viral infections and pertussis. [pediatriceducation.org]
[…] syphilis, toxoplasmosis, pertussis); and some neoplastic conditions (lymphocytic leukemia, malignant lymphoma). [doctorslounge.com]
Other conditions with absolute lymphocytosis are B. pertussis infection and lymphocytic leukemoid reaction. The most commonly known lymphocytosis with atypical morphology is due to cytomegalovirus and infectious mononucleosis. [questdiagnostics.com]
It may be associated with infancy, exophthalmic goiter, mumps, rubella, infectious mononucleosis, sunburn, lymphatic leukemia, pertussis, and pyogenic infections in childhood. lymphocytosis increase in the number of normal lymphocytes in the blood or [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
Gastrointestinal
- Abdominal Pain
Symptoms included diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, fever and cough. There was an absolute lymphocytosis lasting about three weeks. All of the cases had elevated eosinophil counts during the course of the disease. [bloodjournal.org]
In pediatric ages up to 14 years old, acute infectious lymphocytosis is a clinical disorder, suspected to be of enterovirus-Coxsackie A subgroup that may have upper respiratory symptoms, fever, diarrhea and abdominal pain or a totally asymptomatic clinical [questdiagnostics.com]
[…] form, at a cut there can be abdominal pains or the phenomena of a coloenteritis. [bigmed.info]
• Clinical Features: Asymptomatic – patients with infectious lymphocytosis Symptoms accompany the disease are fever, upper respiratory infection, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. 20. [slideshare.net]
Counsel patients to avoid traumatic activities, and seek evaluation for any significant abdominal pain, LUQ pain or L shoulder pain (referred from spleen, Kehr’s sign) that might represent splenic injury. [hopkinsguides.com]
- Nausea
Nausea and anorexia. Arthralgias and myalgias occur but are less common than in other viral infectious diseases and are rarely severe. Other symptoms include cough, chest pain and photophobia. [patient.info]
- Vomiting
Symptoms included diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, fever and cough. There was an absolute lymphocytosis lasting about three weeks. All of the cases had elevated eosinophil counts during the course of the disease. [bloodjournal.org]
Cardiovascular
- Hypotension
If the clinician utilizes intravenous narcotics or benzodiazepines, hypotension and respiratory depression must be potentially anticipated. [antimicrobe.org]
Skin
- Skin Rash
rashes; peripheral neuropathy with myopathy, and panencephalitis. [link.springer.com]
The main clinical features are fever, hepatosplenomegaly, adenopathies, skin rash, cytopenia, liver derangement, increased triglyceride and ferritin, and coagulopathy. [fmshk.com.hk]
- Eczema
Eosinophilia ( > 0.35 X 10 9 /L ) is associated with many forms of immunologic damage and can, interestingly, inactivate IgE mediated reactions (immediate hypersensitivity). allergic disorders -asthma, seasonal rhinitis, eczema, atopic dermatosis, pemphigus [med-ed.virginia.edu]
Psychiatrical
- Suggestibility
Descriptive Epidemiology 587 Mechanisms and Routes of Transmission 7 Pathogenesis and Immunity 590 Patterns of Host Response 591 Control and Prevention 592 References 593 Suggested Reading 595 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Theodore E Woodward and J Stephen [books.google.com]
The association with other cytopenias may suggest marrow replacement and warrants evaluation. [clinicaladvisor.com]
Evidence suggests a causal relation between this agent and lymphocytosis. Funding and Disclosures We are indebted to Dr. A. L. Marshall, of the Indiana State Board of Health, Dr. D. H. Jolly and Mr. J. Calandro and Mrs. F. [nejm.org]
Immunization appeared to be safe and it generated reliable seroconversion, suggesting that the vaccine is a candidate for study in larger populations. [hopkinsguides.com]
Recent research suggests systematic occurrence of clinical CLL-like MBL prior to CLL [7]. [journals.plos.org]
Urogenital
- Uremia
Pathologic processes that result in neutrophilia include: Infection Toxins: metabolic (uremia), drugs, chemicals Tissue destruction or necrosis: infarction, burns, neoplasia, etc Hemorrhage, especially into a body cavity Rapid hemolysis Hematologic disorders [health.auckland.ac.nz]
Workup
“It’s important to exclude pseudothrombocytopenia and pseudoneutropenia before you undertake additional workups. [captodayonline.com]
Serum
- Lymphocytosis
A case of acute infectious lymphocytosis in an otherwise healthy 2-year-old child is reported. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
LYMPHOCYTOSIS ACUTE INFECTIOUS ( lymphocytosis ; a lymphocyte[s] + - osis; late lat. infectio infection; synonym oligosymptomatic infectious lymphocytosis ) — the infectious disease caused by a virus and which is characterized by variety a wedge, symptoms [bigmed.info]
Case reports are presented of 5 cases of acute infectious lymphocytosis in siblings, ages 2¼-10 years. Symptoms included diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, fever and cough. There was an absolute lymphocytosis lasting about three weeks. [bloodjournal.org]
Causes of Atypical Lymphocytosis Lymphocytosis is a feature of infection, particularly in children. [bestonlinemd.com]
- Lymphopenia
- Lab findings: lymphopenia then lymphocytosis, thrombocytopenia, elevated transaminase, depressed CD4 count, HIV AB usually negative-- so check Viral load. [errolozdalga.com]
Belmin J, Ortega MN, Bruhat A, Mercadier A, Valensi P: CD4 lymphopenia in very elderly people [letter]. Lancet 347:328, 1996. 147. McBride M: CD4 lymphopenia in elderly patients [letter, comment]. Lancet 347:911, 1996. 148. [medtextfree.wordpress.com]
[…] lymphocytosis may include: Acute infections, including pertussis, typhoid, and paratyphoid Infectious mononucleosis, with "atypical" lymphocytosis Viral infections, including measles, mumps, adenovirus, enterovirus, and Coxsackie virus Toxoplasmosis HTLV I Lymphopenia [health.auckland.ac.nz]
Lymphopenia is usually defined as < 1000-1500 cells/microL. Infants again usually have higher counts or < 2500 cells/microL. Remember normal leukocyte count is 4.5-11.0 x 1000/mm 2 with about 22-44% overall being lymphocytes. [pediatriceducation.org]
- Lymphocytes Increased
[…] leukocytosis in which there is an actual or relative increase in the number of lymphocytes. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
Adults with connective tissue diseases or otherwise weakened immune systems may have an increase of atypical lymphocytes. Patients with acute or chronic leukemia may also have an occurrence of atypical lymphocyte increase. [bestonlinemd.com]
Lymphocytes increase in many viral infections and with tuberculosis. A common reason for significant lymphocytosis is lymphocytic leukemia. The majority of both acute and chronic forms of leukemia affect lymphocytes. [rnceus.com]
Laboratory
- Leukocytosis
The picture of blood is characterized by a leukocytosis to 20 000 — 120 000 in 1 mkl with dominance in a formula of lymphocytes — to 60 — 97% (see. Leukocytosis ), generally meso - and mikrogeneration of lymphocytes. [bigmed.info]
Neutrophilic leukocytosis See Table 3. [antimicrobe.org]
A form of LEUKOCYTOSIS. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
The peripheral blood LAP is elevated during leukocytosis because of the "left shift". Minor causes of leukocytosis include: Pseudoneutrophilia may result in response to acute stress (exercise, epinephrine,anesthesia, etc.) [med-ed.virginia.edu]
Leukocytosis Leukocytosis :Significance of Monocytosis vs Lymphocytosis Monocytosis (monocyte count greater than or equal to 10x10 9 ) may indicate : - an underlying malignancy, immunologic disease or chronic inflammatory process. - certain primary hematologic [tcd.ie]
Treatment
More treatment-centered approach helps you focus on the therapeutic process—from diagnostic evaluation and testing to treatment selection. [books.google.com]
Treatment is primarily supportive, with rest during the acute stage of illness and symptomatic care. [hawaii.edu]
Treatment: dexamethasone and etoposide are temporizing, HSCT often required cure. Clinical Criteria 1. Fever ≥38.5°C 2. Splenomegaly 3. [hopkinsguides.com]
Prognosis
Prognosis Usually asymptomatic or of short duration and self-limiting. [patient.info]
Pneumonia, pyelonephritis, cellulitis, soft tissue infection, bacteremia, sepsis, meningitis, or endocarditis is all associated with neutrophilia, and, indeed, patients who fail to mount a significant leukocyte response to pyogenic infection have a worse prognosis [antimicrobe.org]
Etiology
The search for an etiology of the disease included infectious and noninfectious agents. Examinations of stools for parasites, cultures of throat and stool for bacteria, and cultures of throat, stool and blood for viruses were done. [nejm.org]
M iscellaneous Etiologies of Neutropenia Selected etiologies of neutropenia are noted in Table 4. The clinician should approach leukopenia by one of the mechanisms noted in the above section. [antimicrobe.org]
The etiology and a pathogeny Consider that a disease-producing factor is the lymphotropic virus, to-ry through a mucous membrane of a nasal part of a throat or went. - kish. a path with current of a lymph gets to the next limf, nodes and it is localized [bigmed.info]
Myelodysplasia (mechanism uncertain) Immune mediated phenomenon (autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and immune thrombocytopenia) Rare causes: thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, bone marrow necrosis Haematological malignancies with viral etiology EBV is etiologically [fmshk.com.hk]
Moore Acute infectious lymphocytosis: an etiologic and epidemiologic study of an outbreak [8.] F.K. Nkrumah, P.A. Addy Acute infectious lymphocytosis Lancet, 1 (1973), pp. 1257-1258 [9.] B.K. Mandal, K.J. [analesdepediatria.org]
Epidemiology
Descriptive Epidemiology 587 Mechanisms and Routes of Transmission 7 Pathogenesis and Immunity 590 Patterns of Host Response 591 Control and Prevention 592 References 593 Suggested Reading 595 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Theodore E Woodward and J Stephen [books.google.com]
Annals of epidemiology. 6 (4): 299–306. doi : 10.1016/s1047-2797(96)00024-5. PMID 8876840. ^ For example, if the total WBC count is 30,000, and the %lymphocytes is 30, the absolute lymphocyte count is 9,000 per microliter. External links [ edit ] [en.wikipedia.org]
Epidemiology the Source of a contagium are sick children, and also children with the erased and asymptomatic forms of a disease. L. lake and. meets everywhere and it is characterized by the expressed contageousness. [bigmed.info]
Moore Acute infectious lymphocytosis: an etiologic and epidemiologic study of an outbreak [8.] F.K. Nkrumah, P.A. Addy Acute infectious lymphocytosis Lancet, 1 (1973), pp. 1257-1258 [9.] B.K. Mandal, K.J. [analesdepediatria.org]
Pathophysiology
The reactive, or secondary, lymphocytoses are conditions that involve absolute increases in lymphocytes caused by physiologic or pathophysiologic responses to infection, inflammation, toxins, cytokines, or unknown agents. [doctorslounge.com]
Biological abnormality Pathophysiology Pancytopenia Phagocytosis of blood cells and precursors. [fmshk.com.hk]
Absolute Lymphocytosis with Variant Lymphocyte Morphology • Pathophysiology: The virus is found in urine, oral and cervical secretions, and semen, as well as in leukocytes. Transmission in adults is primarily venereal. More than half of adults possess [slideshare.net]
[…] ultimately will develop monoclonal B-cell lymphoma or B-cell leukemia.38,39 SECONDARY (REACTIVE) LYMPHOCYTOSIS Secondary lymphocytosis defines conditions associated with an increase in the absolute number of lymphocytes secondary to a physiologic or pathophysiologic [medtextfree.wordpress.com]
Prevention
Descriptive Epidemiology 587 Mechanisms and Routes of Transmission 7 Pathogenesis and Immunity 590 Patterns of Host Response 591 Control and Prevention 592 References 593 Suggested Reading 595 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Theodore E Woodward and J Stephen [books.google.com]
Author Affiliations * From the National Communicable Disease Center, Bureau of Disease Prevention and Environmental Control, Public Health Service, United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Atlanta, Ga. [nejm.org]
Health care services aimed at preventing health problems or maintaining health are provided. 9. Patient-focused care is provided by working with health care professionals, including those from other disciplines. Medical Knowledge 10. [pediatriceducation.org]
Synonym(s): lymphocytheto prevent mia, lymphocythaemia. lymphocytosis (lim´fōsītō´sis), n an absolute or relative increase in the normal number of lymphocytes in the circulating blood. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]